Method of and composition for the treatment of scale

ABSTRACT

METHOD OF AND COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCALE, PARTICULARLY CALCIUM SULFATE SCALE, USING A 1-ALKYLPYRIDIUM COMPOUND CONTAINING 5 TO 20 CARBON ATOMS IN THE ALKYL PORTION, THE CORRESPONDING WATER SOLUBLE SALTS AND MIXTURES.

United States Patent 3,592,764 METHOD OF AND COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF SCALE Jack F. Tate, Houston, Tex., assignor to Texaco Inc., New York, N.Y. No Drawing. Filed June 24, 1968, Ser. No. 739,206 Int. Cl. C02b 5/06 US. Cl. 210-58 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Method of and composition for the treatment of scale, particularly calcium sulfate scale, using a l-alkylpyridium compound containing 5 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion, the corresponding water soluble salts and mixtures.

This invention relates to a composition useful in treating oil and gas wells and to a method of using such composition for such treatment. More particularly, this invention is directed to a composition and method useful in the prevention and/or inhibition of the build-up of undesirable inorganic mineral scale deposits in oil and gas wells, their flow lines, auxiliary producing equipment, such as heat exchangers and cooling towers, as well as the producing strata in the vicinity of the well bore. Additionally, the invention is useful in the prevention and/ or inhibition of build-up of scale deposits in aqueous systems susceptible to mineral scale formation.

The formation of objectionable scale deposits, such as calcium or barium sulfate is rather widespread in certain production areas, and has been attributed to several causes. One generally accepted theory of scale formation is that of chemical precipitation resulting from the commingling of two fluid streams each of which contains a concentration of a particular ion such that when they commingle an unstable water is produced. For example, in the case of calcium sulfate scale formation, one stream contains sulfate ions, and the other calcium ions in such concentration so as to produce an unstable water. The mixing of these streams at the well bore may result in the deposition of a hard crystalline calcium sulfate deposit which gradually builds up on the walls of the well tubing, for example, to a point where it may choke off fluid flow in the tube if remedial measures were not undertaken.

Another cause of the scale formation is attributed to the precipitation of scale material from potentially supersaturated solutions thereof. When the operating variables of temperature and pressure change adversely, or solvent is allowed to evaporate, thus concentrating the solution precipitation of the salt on the tubing and surrounding strata occurs.

The use of strong alkali solutions for the removal of sulfate scale has been proposed. It has been claimed that under certain favorable conditions of temperature and time, concentrated alkali solutions will, in some cases, provide a break-up of the built-up scale after relatively long periods of treatment. If, for example, a calcium sulfate scale is treated with concentrated potassium hydroxide for comparatively long periods of time, say from 24 to 72 hours, it has been claimed that a white fluffy precipitate of calcium hydroxide will be formed. This precipitate may then be removed by suitable mechanical means. Such a method is obviously undesirable in that considerable periods of time are involved and the use of mechanical apparatus is expensive, and in some cases, either undesirable or mechanically impossible. Moreover, strong alkali is not effective in preventing or inhibiting the build-up of scale deposits in well tubing, producing equipment and the producing strata about the bore hole.

It is accordingly an object of this invention to provide "ice a method of inhibiting and/or preventing the build-up of scale deposits in gas and oil flow lines, auxiliary equipment, well tubing and the surrounding subsurface strata. A further object is to provide a scale treating composition for use in preventing the build-up of scale deposits in the well tubing, producing equipment, the bore hole and surrounding strata.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a method of and composition for the treatment of gas and oil well tubing and the like containing sulfate scale therein to prevent and/or inhibit the build-up of further scale deposits in the tubing.

These as well as other objects are accomplished according to the present invention which comprises a scale prevention and/or inhibition composition comprising a quaternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of a water soluble l-alkylpyridinium compound containing from 5 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion, salts and mixtures thereof, said treating composition being employed in an amount sufiicient to inhibit the development of scale in an aqueous system.

The invention also comprises a method of treating equipment susceptible to the development of scale deposits therein such as water storage tanks and the like, particularly oil field equipment, using the scale prevention composition.

Representative l-alkylpyridinium compounds within the scope of this invention include the alkyl groups such as decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl and eicosyl. The anion of the l-alkylpyridinium compound may be a halide, a sulfate, 2. nitrate or an acetate for example, or any anion as long as the resulting salt is water soluble including mixtures thereof. The preferred 1- alkylpyridinium compounds are the C -C l-alkylpyridinium chlorides and bromides, and the corresponding mixed C -C l-alkylpyridinium chlorides and bromides.

In carrying out one aspect of the present invention the method thereof comprises introducing the scale prevention composition into the equipment to be protected, such as oil well tubing, in the form of an aqueous solution in an amount suflicient to provide the l-alkylpyridiniurn compound therein at a concentration of from about 0.0004 to about 0.002% by weight and maintaining the scale treating composition in contact with the internal surfaces thereof therein for a contact time sufiicient to prevent and/ or inhibit the development of scale deposits or additional scale deposits therein. It is desirable to circulate the scale prevention composition through the system to provide adequate contact of the composition with the surface to be protected. Underground strata surrounding the well bore can be treated in a like manner, i.e. by passing the solution into said strata such as by injection of the solution down through the bore hole or production tubing, preferably under pressure.

In general, it has been found that excellent protection against objectionable scale deposits can be obtained by maintaining the treating composition in contact with the scale for a contacting time period of from about 2 to about 24 hours and preferably between about 4 to 12 hours. This contacting time period can also be advantageously used in areas containing some scale deposits such as oil field tubing to prevent or inhibit the build-up of additional scale deposits therein. In areas where heavy scale deposits are present or are likely to be encountered, the contacting time period can be extended to 24 hours or more without any harmful effects. If treatment is carried out at fairly frequent intervals with the composition of the present invention i.e. on a semiweekly or weekly basis, then shorter contacting times (e.g. averaging about 4 to l012 hours) can be used. Less frequent treating intervals, i.e. at about every 10 or 15 days generally 3 necessitate corresponding longer contacting times that may average between 12 and 24 hours.

The scale prevention composition of the present invention is used in an amount suflicient to provide to the treating solution the l-alkylpyridinium compound in an amount of from 0.0004 to 0.002% by weight. It has been found that excellent results are obtained with the alkylpyridinium compound at concentrations in the range of from about 0.0005 to 0.001% by weight. Higher concentrations (above about 002%) do not provide improved scale protection.

A more complete understanding of the invention will be obtained from the following illustrative examples.

The following procedure was used in the evaluations.

A 1000 milliliter glass beaker was provided with sufficient calcium sulfate and sodium chloride, obtained by mixing solutions of calcium chloride and sodium sulfate, to produce an aqueous concentration thereof of 10,000 p.p.m. of calcium sulfate and 50,000 ppm. of sodium chloride. A preweighed metal rotor attached to an externally provided mechanical stirring device was immersed in the test solution for a 24 hour time period. The solution was maintained at a temperature of 104 F. during the test period. At the end of the 24 hours, the rotor was removed from the solution and from the stirrer, the scale deposited thereon removed, dried and weighed. In all, several tests were conducted on each material being evaluated and the average of the tests was taken as the amount of scale deposit. The above laboratory test procedure affords good correlation between the results thereby obtained and larger scale field evaluations of scale preventing compositions.

The following table records the results of the tests.

TABLE.-AVERAGE WEIGHT OF SCALE (GRAMS) Amount of additive (p.p.rn.)

Example Additive O 5 Control No. l 0.9 A 0. 05 0.0

Obviously other modifications and variations of the invention as hereinbefore set forth may be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, and therefore only such limitations should be imposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A method of controlling the build-up of scale deposits selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfate scale and barium sulfate scale in an aqueous system which comprises incorporating in said system a scale treating composition consisting essentially of a water soluble salt of a quarternary ammonium compound selected from the group consisting of a l-alkylpyridinium compound containing from 5 to 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl portion, and mixtures thereof, said treating composition being employed in an amount sufiicient to inhibit the development of scale in said aqueous system.

2. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said quaternary ammonium compound is C C l-alkylpyridinium halide.

3. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said quaternary ammonium compound is a saturated C -C l-alkylpyridinium chloride.

4. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said quaternary ammonium compound is l-hexadecylpyridinium chloride.

5. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said compound is present in said system in an amount of from about 0.0004 to 0.002% by weight.

6. Method as claimed in claim 1 wherein said compound is present in said system in an amount of from about 0.0005 to 0.001% by weight.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,692,231 10/1954 Stayner et al 2528.55X 3,354,094 11/1967 Brink et a1. 2-52-180 3,467,192 9/1969 Nolan et al. 21058X 3,488,289 l/l970 Tate 21058X HERBERT B. GUYNN, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R. 252-855, 

